[Effective Java 3/e] 아이템 2 - 생성자에 매개변수가 많다면 빌더를 고려하라

public class NutritionFacts {
  private final int servingSize;
  private final int servings;
  private final int calories;
  private final int fat;

  public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings) {
    this(servingSize, servings, 0);
  }

  public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories) {
    this(servingSize, servings, calories, 0);
  }

  public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat) {
    this.servingSize = servingSize;
    this.servings = servings;
    this.calories = calories;
    this.fat = fat;
  }
}

NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts();
cocaCola.setServingSize(240);
cocaCola.setServings(8);
cocaCola.setCalories(100);
cocaCola.setFat(35);

public class NutritionFacts {
    private final int servingSize;
    private final int servings;
    private final int calories;
    private final int fat;

    public static class Builder {
        // 필수 매개변수
        private final int servingSize;
        private final int servings;

        // 선택 매개변수 - 기본값으로 초기화한다.
        private int calories      = 0;
        private int fat           = 0;

        public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
            this.servingSize = servingSize;
            this.servings    = servings;
        }

        public Builder calories(int val) {
            calories = val;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder fat(int val) {
            fat = val;
            return this;
        }
        public NutritionFacts build() {
            return new NutritionFacts(this);
        }
    }

    private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {
        servingSize  = builder.servingSize;
        servings     = builder.servings;
        calories     = builder.calories;
        fat          = builder.fat;
    }
}

// 빌더 패턴 사용
NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts
    .Builder(240, 8)    // 필수값 입력
    .calories(100)
    .fat(35)
    .build();